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Objective@#To construct an evaluation index system to assess the response capacity of universities to public health emergencies, so as to provide a basis for improvements the response capacity.@*Methods@#In November 2019, in order to develop an evaluation system based on literature review and expert discussions, 15 experts were invited to conduct a subjective evaluation used hierarchical analysis. The objective evaluation was conducted in 120 universities in Jiangsu Province used the inverse entropy weighting method, and the final evaluation employed the joint subjective and objective weighting method.@*Results@#The indicator system consisted of four primary indicators, nine secondary indicators, 32 tertiary indicators and 67 quaternary indicators. The analysis of the combined weighting method showed that the primary indicators, in descending order, included incident handling capability ( 0.666 ), incident detection capability (0.203), prior preparation capability (0.101) and post event recovery capability ( 0.031 ). The top three secondary indicator weights were emergency response (0.480), monitoring and reporting (0.203) and command and coordination (0.151). The results of the evaluation of the consistency indicators showed that the expert authority coefficient was 0.909 and the Kendall s W coordination coefficient was 0.836 ( P <0.01), with all consistency scale values < 0.1.@*Conclusion@#The evaluation system is highly scientific and credible, and provides basis for evaluating the response capability of universities to public health emergencies.
ABSTRACT
Naringin (Nar) has been reported to exert potential hepatoprotective effects against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced injury. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in APAP-induced liver injury. However, the protective mechanism of Nar against mitochondrial damage has not been elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of Nar against APAP and the possible mechanisms of actions. Primary rat hepatocytes and HepG2 cells were utilized to establish an in vitro model of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. The effect of APAP and Nar on cell viability was evaluated by a CCK8 assay and detection of the concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase. The cellular concentrations of biomarkers of oxidative stress were measured by ELISA. The mRNA expression levels of APAP-related phase II enzymes were determined by real-time PCR. The protein levels of Nrf2, phospho (p)-AMPK/AMPK, and biomarkers of mitochondrial dynamics were determined by western blot analysis. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by high-content analysis and confocal microscopy. JC-1 staining was performed to evaluate mitochondrial depolarization. Nar pretreatment notably prevented the marked APAP-induced hepatocyte injury, increases in oxidative stress marker expression, reductions in the expression of phase II enzymes, significant loss of MMP, mitochondrial depolarization, and mitochondrial fission in vitro. In conclusion, Nar alleviated APAP-induced hepatocyte and mitochondrial injury by activating the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway to reduce oxidative stress in vitro. Applying Nar for the treatment of APAP-induced liver injury might be promising.
ABSTRACT
The new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19)that caused by 2019 new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 has attracted great attention from both the Chinese government and the international community.The International Committee on Viral Classification named the virus "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2), and the WHO named the pneumonia it causesCOVID-19" . At present, the disease is centered in Wuhan City and is spreading rapidly to all parts of China, as well as twenty other countries.About 20% of the people infected during the SARS epidemic in 2003 were employees in hospital environments.COVID-19 has infected an even greater number of heath care workers.Therefore, ophthalmologists need to understand the disease and recognize the importance of taking preventive measures.Although ophthalmologists do not work on the front lines of the outbreak, due to their area of expertise, a variety of situations, such as infection consultations or ophthalmic emergency treatments, can lead to the exposure of ophthalmologists to high-risk environments.This risk will only increase as the number of infected patients continues to increase.When dealing with seemingly normal ophthalmic patients, the vigilance of ophthalmologists and associated staff tends to be significantly reduced.To better protect patients, families, and health care workers, it is strongly recommended that in addition to the standard precautions for the care of all patients, strict contact precautions and droplet precautions need to be taken by ophthalmologists.These measures include (1) wearing an efficient mask (an N95 mask); (2) always performing hand hygiene before and after examining a patient; (3) wearing sterile gloves when entering a patient’s room and touching a patient; (4) wearing a gown when contact is expected with items and environmental surfaces surrounding a patient or when the patient is incontinent or has diarrhea or a surgical or other invasive wound with oozing fluid; (5) cleaning and disinfecting ophthalmic equipment and correctly handling medical waste after examination to prevent transmission to patients who are subsequently examined; (6) wearing goggles and a disposable mask to cover the front and sides of the face before touching a patient, as the virus could spread through the ocular surface; (7) performing the relevant screening for COVID-19 for regular patients who have conjunctivitis and respiratory symptoms at the same time; (8) prohibiting the use of infected patients as potential donors for corneal transplants and temporarily adding donor 2019-CoV screening to the medical standard of the eye bank during the outbreak; (9) for the purposes of scientific research, diagnosis, and other special needs, packing, shipping, and transporting collected specimens according to the relevant dangerous biological goods regulations.
ABSTRACT
The new coronavirus pneumonia that first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 has attracted great attention from both the Chinese government and the international community. The International Committee on Viral Classification named the virus "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2), and the WHO named the pneumonia it causes "Coronavirus Disease 2019" (COVID-19). At present, the disease is centered in Wuhan City and is spreading rapidly to all parts of China, as well as twenty other countries. About 20% of the people infected during the SARS epidemic in 2003 were employees in hospital environments. COVID-19 has infected an even greater number of heath care workers. Therefore, ophthalmologists need to understand the disease and recognize the importance of taking preventive measures. Although ophthalmologists do not work on the front lines of the outbreak, due to their area of expertise, a variety of situations, such as infection consultations or ophthalmic emergency treatments, can lead to the exposure of ophthalmologists to high-risk environments. This risk will only increase as the number of infected patients continues to increase. When dealing with seemingly normal ophthalmic patients, the vigilance of ophthalmologists and associated staff tends to be significantly reduced. To better protect patients, families, and health care workers, it is strongly recommended that in addition to the standard precautions for the care of all patients, strict contact precautions and droplet precautions need to be taken by ophthalmologists. These measures include 1) wearing an efficient mask (an N95 mask); 2) always performing hand hygiene before and after examining a patient; (3) wearing sterile gloves when entering a patient’s room and touching a patient; (4) wearing a gown when contact is expected with items and environmental surfaces surrounding a patient or when the patient is incontinent or has diarrhea or a surgical or other invasive wound with oozing fluid; 5) cleaning and disinfecting ophthalmic equipment and correctly handling medical waste after examination to prevent transmission to patients who are subsequently examined; 6) wearing goggles and a disposable mask to cover the front and sides of the face before touching a patient, as the virus could spread through the ocular surface; 7) performing the relevant screening for novel coronavirus pneumonia for regular patients who have conjunctivitis and respiratory symptoms at the same time; 8) prohibiting the use of infected patients as potential donors for corneal transplants and temporarily adding donor SARS-CoV-2 screening to the medical standard of the eye bank during the outbreak; and 9) for the purposes of scientific research, diagnosis, and other special needs, packing, shipping, and transporting collected specimens according to the relevant dangerous biological goods regulations.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the classification and individualized treatment of the terminal phalanx of thumb duplication.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From Apr. 2003 to Dec. 2012, 76 patients with 77 involved thumbs duplication at the level which is distal to the interphalangeal joint were retrospectively studied. Based on the morphology (the nail width and the thumb circumference) and the deviation of the thumb, we classified the terminal phalanx of thumb duplication into 5 types as Type A (no bony connection called floating thumb), Type B(asymmetry and no deviation), Type C(asymmetry and deviation), Type D (symmetry and no deviation) and Type E(symmetry and deviation). Different surgical procedures were selected according to different types. Simple excision of the smaller thumb was adopted for Type A case. Removement of the smaller thumb (usually the radial) and of the collateral ligament of the interphalangeal joint were selected for Type B. Removement of the smaller thumb (usually the radial) and reconstruction of the collateral ligament of the interphalangeal joint, as well as corrective osteotomies at the neck of the proximal phalanx were performed for Type C. The modified Bilhaut-Cloquet procedure with reconstruction of the collateral ligament of the interphalangeal joint were adopted in Type D. The classical Bilhaut-Cloquet procedure, or the modified Bilhaut-Cloquet procedure with reconstruction of the collateral ligament of the interphalangeal joint and corrective osteotomies at the neck of the proximal phalanx were performed in Type E. The results were assessed by an evaluation form for thumb duplication by the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Hand.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>According to our new classification standard, there were 3 cases with Type A duplicated thumbs, 36 with Type B, 13 with Type C, 15 with Type D, 10 with Type E. All the 76 patients underwent the individualized surgical treatment. The patients were followed up for 6-60 months. According to the evaluation form, excellent results were achieved in 66 thumbs, good in 9 thumbs and fair in 2 thumbs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The new classification could comprehensively describe the clinical features of the terminal phalanx of congenital thumb duplication. Individualized therapy, including basic and repeated surgical procedure could be adopted for each type with satisfactory results.</p>